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Contents
Family Flatidae Spinola, 1839
Subfamily Flatinae Spinola, 1839
Tribe Selizini Melichar, 1923: 86
Genus Cyarda Walker, 1858: 121.
Type species (in original combination): Cyarda difformis Walker 1858: 121.
Synonyms
- Gelastophantia Kirkaldy, 1904: 280 (type species Poekilloptera acuminipennis Spinola 1839: 445); syn. by Schulze 1929: 1351 .
Distribution
Neotropical (esp. the Caribbean) and Southeastern US.
Recognized species
There are 17 species currently assigned to this genus:
(Syn. lists to be added later; early US records require verification because genitalia were not used)
Cyarda acuminipennis (Spinola, 1839: 445) – USA: FL; Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Cuba
= Poeciloptera iniquipennis Walker, 1858: 107: syn. by Fennah 1965a: 112.
Cyarda acuminipennis haitensis Metcalf & Bruner, 1948: 103 (status by Fennah 1965: 113) – Haiti
Cyarda acutissima Metcalf & Bruner, 1948: 101 – Cuba
Cyarda capys Fennah, 1971 – Cayman Islands (Grand Cayman)
Cyarda capys periphas Fennah, 1971 – Cayman Islands (Little Cayman)
Cyarda casuarinae Fennah, 1965: 114 – Jamaica
Cyarda cubensis Metcalf & Bruner, 1948: 101 – Cuba
Cyarda difformis Walker, 1858: 121 – Dominican Republic (Santo Domingo), Haiti, Jamaica
Cyarda fuscifrons Metcalf & Bruner, 1948: 102 – Cuba
Cyarda granulata Lethierry, 1890: 150 – Venezuela, Suriname, Cuba, French Guiana (Cayenne)
Cyarda haitensis Metcalf & Bruner, 1948; see Cyarda acuminipennis haitensis Metcalf & Bruner, 1948
Cyarda iniquipennis (Walker, 1858); see Cyarda acuminipennis
Cyarda lycidas Fennah, 1965: 115 – Cuba
Cyarda melichari Van Duzee, 1907: 40 (n. n. for Cyarda punctata Melichar 1902: 135 (nec. Walker) – USA: DC, FL, IL, MS, NC, SC; Cuba (Inc. Isle of Pines), Jamaica (DC, IL likely in error; other early records possibly other species).
Cyarda minor Fennah, 1965: 113 (new name for C. walkeri Metcalf & Bruner 1948) – Cuba
Cyarda monae Fennah, 1965: 114 – Jamaica
Cyarda regina Fennah, 1965: 117 – Haiti
Cyarda rex Fennah, 1965: 116 – Cuba
Cyarda sordida Fennah 1965: 115 – USA: FL, SC; Belize = Cyarda sp. nr. acutissima Metcalf & Bruner, 1948: 101. sensu Wheeler & Hoebeke 1982; see Fennah 1965a: 115.
Cyarda subfalcata Van Duzee, 1923: 195 – Mexico (Coranados Island, Espiritu Santo Island)
Cyarda walkeri Metcalf, 1923: 149 (new name for Cyarda difformis Melichar 1902: 134 nec Walker – Jamaica (reported in error: Cuba, “Eastern United States”)
= Cyarda walkeri Metcalf & Bruner 1948: 103 (nec. Metcalf 1923) see Cyarda minor Fennah
Note 1: Cyarda salina (Dozier 1927: 53) and (by implication) Cyarda salina chlorinata Caldwell 1951: 243 (in Caldwell & Martorell 1951) was moved to Acanthoflata Fennah 1947: 114 in Fennah 1947.
Note2: African species formerly in Cyarda moved to Afrocyarda Fennah 1965.
List compiled primarily from FLOW, also Metcalf (1957), and an unpublished list by Lois O’Brien.
Economic Importance
Probably limited.
Plant associations
- Cyarda acuminipennis haitensis – Pandanus L. f. (screwpine, Pandanaceae), Acacia lutea Leavenw. (Fabaceae)
- Cyarda sordida (as Cyarda sp. near acutissima) – polyphagous (see Wheeler & Hoebeke 1982),
- Cyarda casuarinae – Casuarina Rumph. ex L. (sheoak, Casuarinaceae)
- Cyarda fuscifrons – Casuarina Rumph. ex L.
- Cyarda difformis – Cordia serrata Juss. ex Lam. (Boraginaceae)
- Cyarda melichari – Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)
Note: A host is also reported for ‘Cyarda salina (Dozier)’, but this species is now the type species of Acanthoflata Fennah 1947.
Hosts from Wilson et al. (1994); plant names from USDA PLANTS or Tropicos. See also FLOW for possible additional hosts.
Recognition
Easily recognized among North American genera. One of three genera of Selizini in the US (Mistharnophantia and Paradascalia are the others), characterized most obviously by having the wings distally narrowed, given them an elongate appearance. Cyarda is quite elongate, uniformly narrowed, with the wings forming a point. Our species are southeastern. Mistharnophantia is southwestern, with the wings strongly narrowed distally, to an acuminate point. Paradascalia has the wings slightly narrowed, with the apex bilobed (or truncate). Unfortunately, Dascalia and Cyarda may intergrade in features.
A common genus in Florida.
Species can only be separated by genitalia (at this time), and reported distribution of US species may be misleading (C. melichari is overreported, the type material is from Cuba and US records should be reviewed). Specimens possibly in this genus have been seen from TX and Mexico (but some of these might be referred to as similar Neotropical genera).
Provisional key to Cyarda (including Acanthoflata) based on male genitalia by Lois O’Brien from unpublished notes:
1- Aedeagus with 1-2 apical dorsal spines … 2
1’- Aedeagus with 3 apical dorsal spines … 11
2- Dorsal spine forked… 3
2’- Dorsal spine not forked … 5
3- Ventral spine subequal to forked spine … 4
3’- Ventral spine 2x length forked spine … Cyarda acuminipennis haitensis Metcalf & Bruner
4- Dorsal spine curved ventrally … Acanthoflata salina (Dozier
4’- Dorsal spine curved anteriorly … Cyarda regina Fennah
5- Ventral spine about ½ length of shaft … 6
5’- Ventral spine greatly exceeds ½ length of shaft … 8
6- Ventral spine strongly recurved … Cyarda melichari Van Duzee
6’- Ventral spine gently curved… 7
7- Aedeagal apex elongate; second dorsal spine straight … Cyarda sordida Fennah 1965
7’- Aedeagal apex short, second dorsal spine sinuate … Cyarda cubensis Metcalf & Bruner
8- Second dorsal spine sinuate … 9
8’- Second dorsal spine straight … Cyarda casuarinae Fennah
9- Ventral spine more than 2/3 length aedeagal shaft … 10
9’- Ventral spine equal to 2/3 aedeagal shaft … Cyarda acutissima Metcalf & Bruner
10- Second dorsal spine twice length of first … Cyarda monae Fennah
10’- Second dorsal spine less than twice length of first … Cyarda fuscifrons Metcalf & Bruner
11- Ventral spine strongly recurved; anal tube with wedge-shaped process … 12
11’- Ventral spine gently recurved; anal tube without wedge-shaped process … Cyarda capys Fennah
12- Shaft rounded on venter … 13
12’- Shaft subacute on venter … Cyarda acuminipennis (Spinola)
13- Anal tube process subacute … Cyarda lycidas Fennah
13’- Anal tube process quadrate … Cyarda minor Fennah
Websites
Cyarda at FLOW. Cyarda is present at Discover Life here, and at Encyclopedia of Life here. Cyarda is present here on Bugguide. (Bugguide has some species identifications, but I am unsure of the validity of these identifications).
Assorted online photos of Cyarda:
http://www.spiderwebsc.com/hemipterans/planthoppers/planthoppers27.html
Collecting
Cyarda, like many flatids can be taken by inspection, sweeping/beating or sometimes at lights (the genus is fairly common in ‘old field’ settings).
Molecular resources
Cyarda is not on GenBank; and Barcode of Life has Cyarda acuminipennis haitensis (as Cyarda hatiensis) and ‘Cyarda salina‘, which is actually Acanthoflata.
Selected references
Bartlett, C. R., L. B. O’Brien and S. W. Wilson. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50: 1-287.
Bourgoin, T. 2018 (and updates). FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, updated 1 Oct. 2018. http://hemiptera-databases.org/flow/
Caldwell, J. S. and L. F. Martorell. 1951 [dated 1950]. Review of the Auchenorynchous [sic] Homoptera of Puerto Rico. Part II. The Fulgoroidea except Kinnaridae. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 34(2): 133-269.
Fennah, R. G. 1947. Notes on West Indian Flatidae (Homoptera Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 60: 107-117.
Fennah, R. G. 1965. New Species of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) from the West Indies. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 117(4): 95-126.
Fennah, R. G. 1971. Fulgoroidea from the Cayman Islands and adjacent Areas. Journal of Natural History 5: 299-342.
Fowler, W. W. 1900. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Homoptera. (Continued). In: Biologia Centrali-Americana. Porter, London. 1: 44-76.
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1904c. Bibliographical and nomenclatorial notes on the Hemiptera. No. 3. Entomologist 37: 279-283.
Lethierry, L. F. 1890. Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (Décembre 1887-Avril 1888) 9e mémoire Hémiptères Homoptères. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. (Ser. 6) 10: 147-160.
Melichar, L. 1902a. Monographie der Acanaloniiden und Flatiden (Homoptera) (Fortsetzung.). Annalen des k. k. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. 17 :1-253. Plate(s): 1-9.
Melichar, L. 1923a. Homoptera, fam. Acanaloniidae, Flatidae et Ricaniidae. Genera Insectorum. Bruxelles 182: 1-185.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1923a. A key to the Fulgoridae of Eastern North America with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 38(3): 139-230, plus 32 plates.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1938a. The Fulgorina of Barro Colorado and other parts of Panama. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College 82: 277-423.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1945. Fulgoroidea (Homoptera) of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana. Zoologica [Scientific contributions of the New York Zoological Society] 30(3): 125-143.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1957. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 13, Flatidae and Hypochthonellidae. North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina. Pp. 1-565.
Metcalf, Z. P. and S. C. Bruner. 1948. Cuban Flatidae with new species from adjacent regions. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 41: 63-118.
Schaum, H. R. 1850. Fulgorellae. Allegemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Kunste in alnhaberischen folge von Genannten Schriftstellern bearbeitet und herausgegeben von I. S. Ersch und I. G. Gruber mit Kupfern und Charten. Erster Section A -G. 51:58-73.
Schulze, F. E., W. Kükenthal and K. Heider. 1929b. Fa-Halya. In Nomenclator animalium generum et subgenerum; im auftrage der Preussischen akademie der wissenschaften zu Berlin. Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. 3 (11):1299-1458.
Spinola, M. 1839. Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. (Suite). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8: 339-454.
Stål, C. 1862e. Bidrag till Rio Janeiro-traktens Hemipter-fauna. II. Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar 3 (6):1-75.
Stål, C. 1864a. Hemiptera mexicana enumeravit speciesque novas descripsit. (Continuatio). Entomologische Zeitung. Herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin 25:49-86.
Stål, C. 1869a. Hemiptera Fabriciana. Fabricianska Hemipterarter, efter de i Köpenhamn och Kiel förvarade typexemplaren granskade och beskrifne. 2. Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar 8 (1):1-130.
Van Duzee, E. P. 1907a. Notes on Jamaican Hemiptera: A report on a collection of Hemiptera made on the island of Jamaica in the spring of 1906. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 8(5): 3-79.
Van Duzee, E. P. 1923a. Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921 – The Hemiptera (True Bugs, etc.). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Ser. 4) 12: 123-200.
Walker, F. 1851. List of the specimens of Homopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London. 2: 261-636.
Walker, F. 1858b. Supplement. List of the specimens of Homopterous Insects in the collection of the British Museum 1858: 1-307.
Wheeler, A. G., Jr. and E. R. Hoebeke. 1982. Host plants and nymphal descriptions of Acanalonia pumila and Cyarda sp.near acutissima (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea: Acanaloniidae and Flatidae). Florida Entomologist 65(3): 340-349.
Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno and M. R. Wilson. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R. F. Denno and T. J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix.
Last edit Oct. 2018