[Return to North American Issidae]
Contents
Family Issidae Spinola, 1839
Subfamily incertae sedis
[Higher taxonomy revised by Wang et al. 2016; formerly placed in Issinae, Issini, subtribe Hysteropterina; see also Gnezdilov 2016]
Genus Exortus Gnezdilov, 2004
Type species (in original combination): Hysteropterum punctiferum Walker, 1851 .
Synonyms
None.
Distribution
Southeastern United States.
Recognized species
There are two species currently assigned to this genus
Exortus fuscomaculosus (Doering, 1938) – USA: FL
= Hysteropterum fuscomaculosum Doering, 1938.
= Exortus fuscomaculosus (Doering, 1938); comb. by Gnezdilov 2004: 2.
Exortus punctiferus (Walker, 1851)- USA: FL, GA, TX (reported in error: USA: NJ, CO)
= Hysteropterum punctiferum Walker, 1851: 376.
= Exortus punctiferus (Walker, 1851); comb. by Gnezdilov 2004: 2.
Economic Importance
Limited.
Plant associations
Apparently none.
Hosts from Wilson et al. 1994; plant names from USDA PLANTS or Tropicos.
Recognition
Hind wings absent or rudimentary, Body elongate (not rounded in dorsal view, vs Paralixes & Traxus), wings not strongly reticulate; Intermediate carinae of front present, raised; smaller species usually 4.4 mm or less; vertex not as deeply emarginate as Tylanira; intermediate carinae of frons converging dorsally; frons at dorsal margin about as wide as tall at median carina (about 1.05x) with dorsal margin v-shaped; vertex about 2x wider than long in middle; forewings uniformly speckled with fine dots, otherwise not strongly patterned; dorsoanterior portion of head rounded (not raised) in lateral view; dorsal margin of forewing straight in lateral view; southeastern (not southwestern)
Doering’s (1938: 482) separation of the two species (extracted from the Hysteropterum key):
1. Vertex with lateral margins greatly elevated; its width only twice as great as length; hind tibiae with one lateral spine … E. fuscomaculosus
1′. Vertex over twice as wide as long; lateral margins moderately elevated; hind tibiae with two lateral spines … E. punctiferus
Exortus fuscomaculus
Online resources
FLOW.
Bugguide.
iNaturalist.
EOL.
GBIF
BOLD.
Genbank. (no data)
3i.
Collecting
Adults are taken by sweeping or beating (I collected a good series at Archbold biological station, near Lake Placid, Florida).
Molecular resources
There is data for Exortus fuscomaculosus on Barcode of Life; there does not appear to be any data for this genus on Genbank.
Selected references
Doering. K. C. 1938. A contribution to the taxonomy of the subfamily Issinae in America north of Mexico (Fulgoroidea: Homoptera. Part II. University of Kansas Science Bulletin 25(20): 447-575.
Gnezdilov, V. M. 2004. Two new genera of the family Issidae (Homoptera: Cicadina: Fulgoroidea) from North America. Russian Entomological Journal 13(1–2): 1–2.
Gnezdilov, V. M. and L. B. O’Brien. 2006. Generic changes in United States Issini (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae). Insecta Mundi 20(3-4): 217-225.
Metcalf, Z. P. 1958. General Catalogue of the Homoptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 15, Issidae. Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland.
O’Brien, L. B. 1988. Taxonomic changes in North American Issidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81(6): 865-869.
Spinola, M. 1839a. Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8: 133-337.
Spinola, M. 1839b. Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. (Suite). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8: 339-454.
Wilson, S. W., C. Mitter, R. F. Denno and M. R. Wilson. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In: R. F. Denno and T. J. Perfect, (eds.). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York. Pp. 7-45 & Appendix