Tonga sp., from Cuernos de Negros Mountain Philippines (Baker collection).
A synopsis of the Tonginae
Tonginae is a group of planthoppers whose taxonomic affinities are unclear. Although Tonginae are strictly an Old World group (this website is intended to treat only New World forms), they are of particular interest and a brief taxonomic overview is presented here. The information here is still incomplete but will be periodically updated – the distribution information is incomplete, there may be a few species still missing, and the references are not yet complete.
Historically, Tonginae have been a subfamily in Issidae. Muir (1930) indicated that they appear to be related to Acanaloniidae, a sentiment echoed by Fennah (1954). Emeljanov (1999) included Tonginae with Acanaloniidae in his treatment of the higher taxonomy of Issidae and allies. Subsequently, Gnezdilov (2007, 2008) moved Tonginae into Nogodinidae, where they are currently placed.
Species listing borrowed freely from FLOW (Bourgoin T. 2012).
Taxonomy
Nogodininae Melichar, 1898 (According to Gnezdilov 2007)
Tonginae Kirkaldy 1907: 9 (Baker, 1927: 407)
Tongini Kirkaldy, 1907
Note: Some species can be identified using “Species of Nogodinidae known to occur in eastern Indonesia and New Guinea”
Species Listing
Andrewsiella Izzard 1936 (monotypic)
Andrewsiella oceanica Izzard 1936 – Christmas Island (Indian Ocean, near Indonesia)
Image of Andrewsiella oceanica Izzard 1936 from Fletcher, 2009
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Atylana Melichar, 1906 (Type species Tylana intrusa Melichar, 1906)
Atylana carcinias Fennah, 1950
Atylana castanea Fennah, 1967
Atylana crataeis Fennah, 1967
Atylana farrago Fennah, 1956 – Caroline Islands (Truk)
Atylana fasciata (Distant, 1913) (comb. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86). (Pitcairn Islands)
= Devagama fasciata Distant, 1913: 556.
= Devagama insularis Distant, 1913: 556 (syn. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86).
= Devagama maculata Distant, 1913: 556 (syn. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86).
= Atylana parmula thalna Fennah, 1958: 218 (syn. by Gnezdilov 2009: 86).
Atylana herbida (Walker, 1870) – Indonesia (Mysool Is, Roon Is), New Guinea, Solomon Island
Atylana intrusa (Melichar, 1906)
Atylana maculifrons (Muir, 1921)
Atylana maculifrons manuana Fennah, 1967
Atylana orientalis (Melichar, 1906)
Atylana rarotongae Eyles & Linnavuori, 1974 – Cook Islands (Rarotonga)
Atylana sinis Fennah, 1967
Atylana sinis sinis Fennah, 1967
Atylana sinis tutuilana Fennah, 1967
Atylana sinis upoluana Fennah, 1967
Atylana rarotongae Eyles & Linnavuori, 1974 (Image from the B. P. B. Museum, Cook Islands Biodiversity Website
Atylana fasciata (Distant 1913) from Gnezdilov 2009 (From Henderson Island)
Capelopterum Melichar, 1906 (Type species Capelopterum dohrni Melichar, 1906)
Capelopterum betulus Fennah, 1950 – jr. syn of Scalabis betulus (Fennah, 1950), see Fennah 1967.
Capelopterum dohrni Melichar, 1906 – Indonesia (Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java)
Capelopterum dolabra Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
Capelopterum fuscifrons Muir, 1921
Capelopterum lyco Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
Capelopterum phormio Fennah, 1950 – Fiji (Viti Levu)
Capelopterum ranula Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
Capelopterum tanaquil Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
Capelopterum vacuna Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
Capelopterum zetes Fennah, 1950 – Fiji
Cotylana Fennah, 1954 (Type species Lollius acutipennis Kirkaldy, 1906)
Cotylana acutipennis (Kirkaldy, 1906)
Cotylana angustifrons (Kirkaldy, 1906)
= Lollius angustifrons Kirkaldy 1906 according to Fennah, 1954
Cotylana caledonica (Melichar, 1906) – New Caledonia
Cotylana conspurcata (Melichar, 1906)
Cotylana drymo Fennah, 1969 – New Caledonia
Cotylana gorgon Fennah, 1969 – New Caledonia
Cotylana gyas Fennah, 1969 – New Caledonia
Cotylana viridis (Montrouzier, 1861: 73) – New Caledonia, Loyalty Island, Lifu Island
= Tylana interpunctata Melichar 1906 according to Fennah 1969: 95.
Distiana Metcalf, 1952 (Type species Issus andrewsi Kirby, 1900)
Distiana andrewsi (Kirby, 1900) – Christmas Island (nr Australia)
= Issus andrewsi Kirby 1900: 138.
= Distiana andrewsi (Kirby 1900); comb. by Metcalf 1952: 227.
Epitonga Fennah, 1954 (monotypic)
Epitonga ferox Fennah, 1954 – Solomon Islands (New Georgia)
Forculus Distant, 1912: 464 (Type species Forculus peculiaris Distant, 1912)
Forculus gibbosus Distant, 1916: 122 – Sri Lanka
Forculus peculiaris Distant, 1912: 465 – Sri Lanka
Forculus viridis Distant, 1916: 122 – Sri Lanka, India (Madras)
Forculusoides Distant, 1916: 123 (monotypic)
Forculusoides rubronervis Distant, 1916: 123 – Sri Lanka
Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910: 186 (type species Glyphotonga acuminata Schmidt, 1910)
= Neodelia Distant, 1914 synonym of Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910 according to Baker (1927)
= Oxychara Melichar, 1923 synonym of Glyphotonga Schmidt, 1910 according to Baker (1927)
Glyphotonga acuminata Schmidt, 1910: 187 – Malaysia (Perak), Indonesia (Sumatra)
Glyphotonga alata (Ossiannilsson, 1940)
= Oxychara alata Ossiannilsson, 1940
Glyphotonga moultoni (Distant, 1914)
Hemitonga Schmidt, 1911: 217 (Type species Hemitonga viridipennis Schmidt, 1911)
Hemitonga dyakana (Kirkaldy, 1907: 105) – Borneo, ? Australia (Queensland)
= Tylana acutipennis Melichar 1906: 200 (misidentification of Lollius acutipennis Kirkaldy).
= Tylana dyakana Kirkaldy 1907: 105, nom nov for T. acutipennis Melichar, preoccupied by Lollius acutipennis Kirkaldy 1906: 12.
= Hemitonga dyakana (Kirkaldy 1907); comb. by Fennah 1954: 461.
Hemitonga viridipennis Schmidt, 1911: 219 – Borneo
Issarius Metcalf, 1950 (monotypic)
Issarius carolinensis Metcalf, 1950
Lollius Stål, 1866 (Type species Lollius australicus Stål, 1870: 763)
(See Gnezdilov 2009)
= Okissus Matsumura, 1916: 106, syn. by Gnezdilov (2009: 89); type species: Okissus kuroiwae Matsumura, 1916, by original designation).
= Ecapelopterum Cheng & Yang, 1991: 228. Nomen nudum.
= Ecapelopterum Chan & Yang, 1994: 74, syn. by Gnezdilov (2009: 89); type species: Ecapelopterum mirum Chan & Yang, 1994, by original designation).
Lollius abdominalis Stål, 1870: 763 – Phillipines
Lollius atromaculata Distant, 1917 – Seyschelles Islands, Mahe Island
Lollius australicus Stål, 1870: 763 – Indonesia (Ambon, Timor, Java, Sumbawa, Simba, Buru), Philippines, Solomon Islands, Fiji, Australia (Queensland)
= Lollius fuscus Melichar, 1906: 195; syn. by Jacobi, 1941: 290.
= Lollius furcifer Stal, 1870: 762; syn by Jacobi, 1941: 290.
Lollius carinatus Schmidt, 1910: 164 – Key Island (Tasmania’s Long Island Group, Australia)
Lollius gratiosus Melichar, 1906: 194 – New Guinea
Lollius invarium (Walker, 1870: 128) – Indonesia (Mysol Island)
= Hysteropterum invarium Walker, 1970: 128
= Lollius invarius (Walker 1870); comb. by Distant, 1909: 74.
Lollius kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1916: 106) – Japan: Ryukyus; Iriomote Island (East China Sea, near Taiwan)
= Okissus kuroiwae Matsumura, 1916: 106.
= Lollius kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1916); comb. by Gnezdilov 2009: 89.
Lollius laevis (Walker, 1870: 125) – Indonesia (Ceram)
Lollius latifrons Schmidt, 1926: 243- Indonesia (Buru Island)
Lollius minax (Walker, 1870: 127) – Indonesia (Ceram)
= Hysteropterum minax Walker, 1870: 127.
= Lollius minax (Walker, 1870); comb. by Distant 1909: 75.
Lollius mirus (Chan & Yang, 1994) – Taiwan
= Ecapelopterum mirum Chan & Yang, 1994: 75
= Lollius mirus (Chan & Yang, 1994); comb. by Gnezdilov 2009: 87.
Lollius morosus (Walker, 1870: 125) – Indonesia (Morotai Island)
= Hysteropterum morosum Walker, 1870: 125.
= Lollius morosus (Walker, 1870); comb. by Distant 1909: 75.
Lollius mouhoti Distant, 1909: 75 – Cambodia
Lollius pryeri Distant, 1910: 318 – North Borneo
Lollius pyrrhoceras Fennah, 1950: 96 – Viti Lrvu
Lollius toxopei Schmidt, 1926: 241 – Indonesia (Buru Island)
Lollius transversus Melichar, 1906: 196 – Indonesia: Sipora, Mentawai Islands, Java
Lollius tricarinatus Schmidt, 1926: 242 – Indonesia (Buru Island)
Lollius tumidulus (Walker, 1870: 125) – Indonesia (Ceram)
= Hysteropterum tumidulum Walker, 1870: 125.
= Lollius tumidulus (Walker, 1870); comb. by Distant 1909: 75.
Lollius virescens Distant, 1917: 294 – Seychelles, Mahe Island
Lollius vittatus (Walker, 1870: 128) – New Guinea
Lollius yehyuensis (Cheng & Yang, 1991: 228) – Taiwan
= Ecapelopterum yehyuensis Cheng & Yang, 1991: 228.
= Lollius yehyuensis (Cheng & Yang, 1991); comb by Gnezdilov 2009: 87.
Lollius kuroiwae (Matsumura, 1916) from Gnezdilov 2009 (Iriomote Island)
Orthophana Melichar, 1923 (monotypic)
Orthophana spinata Melichar, 1923
Oryxana Distant, 1910 (Type species Flata subacuta Walker, 1870)
= Issina Melichar, 1906 nomen praeoccupatum replaced by Issella Metcalf, 1952; nomen novum, according to Metcalf 1952: 227
= Issella Metcalf, 1952 synonym of Oryxana Distant, 1910 by Gnezdilov (2009: 86).
= Bühleria Lallemand & Synave, 1953; incorrect original spelling of Buehleria Lallemand & Synave, 1953 by Gnezdilov (2009: 86).
= Buehleria Lallemand & Synave, 1953 synonym of Oryxana Distant, 1910 by Gnezdilov (2009: 86).
Oryxana lutea (Walker, 1857)
Oryxana rababa (Lallemand & Synave, 1953)
Oryxana subacuta (Walker, 1870) – Indonesia (Mysool Island, Sumbawa)
= Flata subacuta Walker, 1870: 179.
= Oryxana subacuta (Walker, 1870); comb. by Distant, 1910: 320.
Oryxana suturalis (Melichar, 1906) – Indonesia (Sumbawa, Java, W. Soembawa)
= Issina suturalis Melichar, 1906: 210.
= Issella suturalis Melichar, 1906) Metcalf 1952: 227.
= Oryxana subrecta Jacobi, 1941; syn. by Gnezdilov (2012: 241).
= Buehleria rabana Lallemand & Synave, 1953: 249.
= Oryxana rabana (Lallemand & Synave, 1953); new comb. by Gnezdilov (2009).
= Oryxana rabana (Lallemand & Synave, 1953); syn. by Gnezdilov (2012: 242).
Oryxana rabana (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) (Paratype) from Gnezdilov (2009)
Paratonga Schmidt, 1910: 181 (monotypic)
Paratonga truncaticeps Schmidt, 1910: 182 – Fly River, New Guinea; Mt Cameron, Tasmania (Australia)
Paratylana Melichar, 1906 (type species Issus herbidus Walker, 1870) (Apparently this genus is a junior syn. of Atylana; type species moved to Atylana by Fennah 1955)
Paratylana bifascia (Walker, 1870) – New Guinea
Paratylana constipata (Melichar, 1906) – New Guinea
Paratylana dimidiata (Walker, 1870) – Indonesia (W. Papua, Mysool Island, Ambon Island)
Paratylana invasa (Melichar, 1906) – New Guinea
Paratylana laterata (Melichar, 1906) – Indonesia (Roon Island)
Paratylana picea (Walker, 1870) – Indonesia (Aru Island, W. Papua), New Guinea, Fiji
Paratylana walkeri Metcalf, 1958 – Indonesia (Ambon Is, Moratai Is, Aru Is, Mysool Is), New Guinea, Solomon Islands
Pseudotylana Melichar, 1906 (type species Pseudotylana insculpta Melichar, 1906)
Pseudotylana electa (Melichar, 1906) – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Pseudotylana insculpta Melichar, 1906 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
Scalabis Stål, 1870: 262 (Type species Tylana (Scalabis) philippina Stål, 1870)
Scalabis betulus (Fennah, 1950) – Fiji
= Capelopterum betulus Fennah, 1950 according to Fennah 1967
Scalabis bimaculata (Melichar, 1906) – Indonesia (W. Papua, Ambon Island), New Guinea, Sri Lanka
Scalabis buruensis (Schmidt, 1926) – Indonesia (Buru)
= Narayana buruensis Schmidt, 1926; comb. by Gnezdilov 2012: 242.
Scalabis calvena Fennah, 1967
Scalabis harpalyce Fennah, 1969
Scalabis hebe Fennah, 1954 – Philippines (Mindinao)
Scalabis informe (Walker, 1870)
Scalabis juventas Fennah, 1954 – Philippines (Milinao)
Scalabis nasuta Fennah, 1954 – Philippines (Sibuyan)
Scalabis nasuta proboscidea Fennah, 1954 – Philippines (Milinao)
Scalabis philippina Stål, 1870: 262 – New Guinea, Philippines
Scalabis punctatella (Melichar, 1906)
Scalabis spissa (Walker, 1870) – Indonesia (Sula Island)
Scalabis tagalica Stål, 1870: 262 – New Guinea, Philippines
Scalabis torpida (Melichar, 1906)
Tonga Kirkaldy, 1900 (Type species Cyrene guttulata Westwood, 1845)
= Cyrene Westwood 1845: 35 (preoccupied). Type species: Cyrene guttulata Westwood, 1845, by original designation.
= Tonga Kirkaldy, 1900: 242. New name for Cyrene Westwood, 1845.
= Sutteria Lallemand & Synave, 1953: 247, syn. by Gnezdilov (2009: 87). (Type species: Sutteria baingensis Lallemand & Synave, 1953, by original designation).
Tonga acutipennis Haupt, 1926
Tonga baingensis (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) – Indonesia
Tonga bipunctata Schmidt, 1910: 174 – North Borneo
Tonga botelensis Kato, 1933 – Japan
Tonga brunnea Schmidt, 1910: 179 – Indonesia (Buru Island), New Guinea
Tonga foliacea (Stål, 1859)
Tonga formosana Matsumura, 1913
Tonga fusiformis (Walker, 1858: 47) – Taiwan (unable to verify the status of this taxon at present_
Tonga guttulata (Westwood, 1845: 35) – Indonesia (Buru Island, Java, Sumatra)
Tonga hageni Schmidt, 1910: 176 – Indonesia (Buru Island), New Guinea
Tonga inermis (Stål, 1870)
Tonga irregulata Haupt, 1926
Tonga mucronata (Stål, 1870)
Tonga semipolita Haupt, 1926
Tonga telifera (Walker, 1870: 99) – Indonesia (Aru Island, Ceram, Moratai Is, Waygiou Island), Borneo
Tonga truncata Schmidt, 1910: 180 – Indonesia (Java)
Tonga unipunctata Schmidt, 1910: 176 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
Tonga westwoodi (Signoret, 1862) – Japan, Mainland China, Taiwan, Turtle Island
Tonga yayeyamana Matsumura, 1916: 108 – Japan (Okinawa)
Tonga baingensis (Lallemand & Synave, 1953) (holotype) from Gnezdilov 2009
Tylana Stål, 1861: 208 (Type species Issus cristata Fabricius, 1803)
Tylana carinata (Fabricius, 1803: 100) – Mauritius
= Issus carinatus Fabricius, 1803: 100.
= Tylana carinata (Fabricius); comb. by Stal, 1862: 67.
= Tylana similis Synave, 1961: 13. syn. by Williams 1982: 46.
Tylana composita (Walker, 1857) – Borneo
= Issus compositus Walker, 1857: 152.
= Tylana composita (Walker, 1857); comb. by Distant (1909: 76)
Tylana confinis Distant, 1909: 77 – Indonesia (Sumatra)
Tylana conspersa Schmidt, 1910: 166 – Madagascar
Tylana cristata (Fabricius, 1803: 100) – Mauritius
= Issus cristatus Fabricius, 1803: 100.
= Tylana cristata (Fabricius); comb. by Stal, 1862: 67.
Tylana indecora Stål, 1869: 103 – Mauritius and Reunion
= Tylana cristata, sensu Stal (nee Fabricius) (partim). 1866: 214.
= Tylana indecora Stal. 1869: 103. (lectotype designated Williams 1982: 49).
= Tylana cristata, sensu Melichar (nec Fabricius) (partim), 1906: 204.
= Tylana cristata, sensu Fennah (nec Fabricius), 1954: 470.
= Tylana conspersa, sensu Synane (nec Schmidt), 1958: 14.
= Tylana macabeana Synave, 1961: 9, syn.by Williams 1982: 49
Tylana lineolata (Walker, 1862: 308) – Australia (Queensland)
= Issus lineolatus Walker 1862: 308.
= Tylana lineolata (Walker 1862), comb. by Distant 1909: 77.
Tylana mameti Synave, 1961
= Tylana cristata, Stal (nec Fabricius) (partim), 1866: 214.
= Tylana indecora Stal (partim), 1869: 103.
= Tylana cristata, sensu Melichar (nec Fabricius) (partim), 1906: 204.
= Tylana mameti Synave, 1961: II.
Tylana nigromaculata Williams, 1982: 54 – Mauritius and Reunion
Tylana rodriguensis Williams, 1982: 48 – Rodrigues Is.
Tylana rudis Distant, 1909: 78 – Indonesia ( Halmahera, Maluku Islands)
Tylana separanda Melichar, 1906: 201 – unknown locality
Tylana truncata (Walker, 1858: 93) – Indonesia (Java)
Additional photos and species listings:
Types of Swedish Museum “Tonga semiglabra Haglund, manuscript name ?” (photo) http://www2.nrm.se/en/homoptera_nrm/s/tonga_semiglabra.html
National Taiwan Insect Museum Digital Archives program – Collection database [Tonga specimens noted]
Photo Tonga sp.
Photo Tonga westwoodi (Signoret, 1862)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bettaman/3961130458/in/photostream/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rainforests/3340216451/
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