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Betula nigra

River Birch

Pronunciation
BET-u-la NI-gra
Pronunciation Audio
Family
Genus
Nativity

Eastern US, Massachusetts south to Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas

Growth Habit

Pyramidal when young, rounded when mature, multitrunked, low-branched. Can average 2 feet growth per year. Medium to fast growth rate.

Hardiness
3B
Culture

Moist, rich, acid soil, but adaptable to soil moisture. Heat tolerant.

Facultative Status
Facultative wetland
Landscape Use

An outstanding native tree with attractive ornamental bark. Not ideal in font of buildings either because its semi-weeping habit can block the view of the building.

Foliage

Dark green in summer. Buttery yellow in fall. Alternate, simple, 1.5 to 3.5 inches long, ovate, acuminate, serrate margin. Sometimes has shallow lobes.

Buds

Buds are small, less than .25 inches long, chestnut-brown. Male catkins present fall to spring (all Betula), borne in 2's and 3's; 2 to 3 inches long.

Bark

Exfoliating; gray-brown to ivory or copper-colored.

Flower

Not of ornamental value

Fruit

Not of ornamental value. Small nutlet borne in catkins.

Propagation

Easy from seed or cuttings.

Pests
Leaf miner; considered borer-resistant.
Cultivars

'Heritage' - Leathery dark-green leaves and salmon-white bark. Vigorous.

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